基督信仰与积极心理学能挂钩吗？[10月13日专题信息]

专题信息｜基督信仰与积极心理学能挂钩吗？

10月13日

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朱志山牧师

经文: 可7:21-23；弗3:15-20；林后1:8-11；腓4:4-9

课题: 惟独基督, 神为与人为, 情绪, 人的心灵, 心理医治,

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当积极心理学在教会界越来越盛行，且成为了很多教会用于牧养与辅导弟兄姐妹的主流方法时，我们不得不要问那是否是圣经所赞同的。现代积极心理学显著的潜入教会界是来自一位叫做 Christopher Kaczor 的哲学博士所带来的一个概念。他是一名天主教徒。他在人生当中经过有些挫败之后，好几年一直消沉。在他一直寻找要怎么开心时，他在有关使人幸福的哲学理论找不到，但后来他读了很多积极心理学的书，发现里头与很多基督信仰的教导有相似点，他就这样将两则混合在一起，写了一本书叫做：“幸福的福音”。那也成为了现代很多教会在采纳的辅导理念，而被采纳的基本原则就是以福音是叫人从罪和罪所带来的忧伤、空虚、孤单得释放的观念出发。积极心理学的主要导向是将人指向积极的情感。它教导人保持一种乐观与积极的心态，也从中提升人的适应力与意志力，以至叫人的身心能在各种环境中感到舒畅。所以，受这积极心理学训练过的人，他的心被调整能往积极与正面方面来设想，就如同我们常听人说：与其看“只有半杯水”，不如看“还有半杯水”。你的情况不用改变，唯有你的眼光和心态改变就好。相信这说法的人也提倡圣经教导说：凡是真实的、可敬的、公义的、清洁的、可爱的、有美名的，若有什么德行，若有什么称赞，这些事你们都要思念《腓4:8》，以至宣称圣经的话是一直教导我们往积极与正面来思想。积极心理学另外一个提倡的做法就是一直用正面的话来训练自己的思想。例如：常要说：“我能做到，我会做到（某件事）”。所以，我们不难看到很多牧师常常跟会友说：“说出你的祝福！说出你能做的，且要做的！”这都是要将有关属灵与心里的教导混合在一起的教导法。然后，积极心理学也特别提倡信仰所带给个人的心里帮助，以至不但能对得起良心（好取得不受罪疚感影响），且能以行善助人为快乐之本。因此，在引用圣经的话语时，积极心理学也说到基督信仰特别强调饶恕、谦卑、服侍人、爱邻舍等，而这些都是能带来给心理非常舒畅与平稳的善行，这当儿也能蒙受人正面的反应，因此能带来善性循环。从这些方面，我们会看见积极心理学能培养出表现很高尚的人，不管是态度、言行、举止、做法都能给人很正面的感觉。有时，我们看一般信徒的心情很容易烦躁，口中也会埋怨，瞬间落入忧烦的光景，就是连保罗有时也似乎忧愁，有时也感到软弱、焦急等《林后6:10；11:29》，但受过积极心理学训练的人很少会有这样的失态。他能锻炼自己的心往正面与积极方面设想，且能表露出来，以至受这方面操练的人能取得在社交、关系、灵命的专业水平。乍看之下，这有何妨呢？若能将信仰与积极心理学融合在一起，那不是两全其美吗？何况，神也造人的心里，且给人探讨心里的学问，为何我们要在此提出争议的论点呢？当今很多教会就是在这方面没有判断力，以致因无知而妥协。很多牧者不是没有读过神学，也不是不知道基督福音的超越性，但他们看见了积极心理学能带给他们的益处，能以让教会信徒充满积极地情感与正能量，使事工者起来热心的服侍，且用积极心理学来教导、辅导与推动彼此，他们就安然的接受积极心理学。但在这当中，三种结果发生了。一，教会开始以心理学为正规的辅导与医治人的方式，甚至是以此为属灵医治的决策（例如：释放医治方面的做法都是掺杂着心理学的理念）。这些方法取代了在神的话语生根建造而信心坚固所带来的真实医治。他们看中情感正面过于心意更新。二，真正属于神的子民到最后会发现没有办法借着心理学来得医治。因为他们借此只是表面涂抹伤口，但是他们的属灵问题却是深深的隐藏，且不得医治。他们的心意里还是常常存留着地上的世俗观念，不是对天上福气的渴望。当他们接受的中心理念是“我们能选择相信什么”过于“是神使我能信”，试问这又怎能医治一个人生命的属灵问题（自我为中心）呢？最后，我们会发现有一群相信自己意志过于神主权的群众就在教会出现了，而凡没有这等心里的坚定意志的就被他们视为是不属灵的。即便这些人可以成为更正面的人，且口里能说出一些圣经的字句，但是他们的心并非更爱主或主的话语。他们更依靠与追求的是正面的情感。他们更关注的不是内心里怎么与神摔跤，且与自己的肉体争战，乃是保持正面的心情，且给人正面的感受。当这等人在带领教会的讲台祭坛，且坐在教会的领袖层，教会里属神的子民就成为更加困苦与瘦弱的羊了。

As positive psychology becomes more prevalent in the Church and also becomes the mainstream method used by many churches to shepherd and counsel brothers and sisters, we have to ask if it is endorsed by the Bible. The significant infiltration of modern positive psychology into the Church was an idea started from a professor in Philosophy called Christopher Kaczor. He is a Catholic. After some setbacks in his life, he was depressed for several years. As he continued to seek ways to be happy, he could not find a philosophical theory to be happy. But later he read many books on positive psychology and found similarities with Christian teaching. He therefore mixed the two together and wrote a book entitled, "The Gospel of Happiness." It has since become a counseling concept adopted by many modern churches, and the basic principle adopted is that the gospel helps to set people free from sin and the sorrows, emptiness, and loneliness brought about by sin. The main direction of positive psychology is to point people to positive emotions. It teaches people to maintain an optimistic and positive attitude, and from there, enhance their adaptability and willpower, so that the body and mind can feel comfortable in various environments. Therefore, those who have been trained in such positive psychology, would have their hearts adjusted to being positive and would think from a positive perspective, just as we often hear people say, instead of seeing "only a glass of water being half-empty”, it is better to see it being “half-full”. Your situation does not need to change, only your perspective and mentality change. Those who believe in this statement also advocate the Bible teaching that whatever is true, whatever is noble, whatever is right, whatever is pure, whatever is lovely, whatever is admirable---if anything is excellent or praiseworthy---think about such things <Phil 4:8>, thus declaring that the words of the Bible keep teaching us to go towards positive and optimistic thinking. The other thing advocated by positive psychology is to always train your thoughts with positive words. For example, always say, "I can do it, I will do it (something)". Therefore, it is not difficult to see many pastors often telling their church members, "Declare the things that you are blessed with. Say what you can do and want to do!" This is a teaching method which combines spiritual and psychological teachings. Then, positive psychology, in particular, advocates how faith brings psychological help to the individual, such that they are accountable to their conscience (and are not affected by guilt), and will derive happiness from helping others. Therefore, when citing words from the Bible, positive psychology also states that Christianity places special emphasis on forgiveness, humility, serving people, loving your neighbors, etc., which bring about a very comfortable and balanced mind when doing good. In doing so, we also receive positive reactions from others, thus bringing about a virtuous cycle. From these aspects, we will see that positive psychology can produce people with high performance, and regardless of attitude, words, deeds, manner and practices, it can give people a positive feeling. Sometimes, we can see that the mood of ordinary believers is easily irritated, and they also easily grumble, or they suddenly land into a very depressive state. Even Paul sometimes seemed to be sorrowful, weak and anxious, etc. <2 Co 6:10; 11: 29> but those trained in positive psychology rarely have such a state of mind. They can exercise their heart to think from a positive perspective, and can show it. Thus, those who are trained in this area can achieve a professional level in their social life, relationships and spiritual life. So, at first glance, is there a problem? If you can combine faith with positive psychology, isn't that the best of both worlds? Moreover, God created the hearts of people, and also gives us the knowledge to examine the heart. Why do we have to bring out disputable arguments here? Many churches today have no judgment in this respect, so they compromise due to ignorance. It is neither that many shepherds have not studied theology, nor do they not know the transcendence of the gospel of Christ, but they have seen the benefits that positive psychology can bring to them, which also led to believers in church being filled with positive emotions and positive energy, those who serve in ministries do so fervently and even use positive psychology to teach, counsel and motivate one another. They accept positive psychology willingly. But in this, three outcomes emerged. First, the church begins to use psychology as the regular way to counsel and heal people (e.g. the methods of the healing and deliverance ministry often combine concepts of psychology). These methods replace the true healing that comes from being deeply established in God’s word and having a steadfast faith. They value positive emotions more than transformation by the renewal of the mind. Second, people who truly belong to God will eventually find that there is no way to be healed through psychology. Because these methods merely dab the surface of their wounds, their spiritual problems being deeply hidden, are therefore not healed. Their minds often retain the secular thinking of this world, and their hope is not on heavenly blessings. Think about this, when they accept the central idea that "we can choose what we want to believe" more than "it is God who allows me to believe", how can this heal the spiritual problem of a person’s life (self-centeredness)? Finally, in the Church, we will find a group of people who believe in their will more than the sovereignty of God, and they deem those whose hearts are not as resolute and determined, to be less spiritual. Even if these people can become more positive and can speak words from the Bible in their mouths, their hearts neither love the Lord nor His words more. What they rely on and pursue is positive emotions. Their greater concern is not about how to wrestle with God in their inner hearts or battle against their own flesh but to maintain a positive mood and give others a positive feeling. When such people are leading the altar of the church and sitting at the leadership level of the church, God's people in the church become like sheep who are more troubled and weakened.

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