之二十七：神在犹太人和外邦人中的主权性旨意[10月18日罗马书]

罗马书｜之二十七：神在犹太人和外邦人中的主权性旨意

10月18日

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朱志山牧师

经文: 罗9:1-6; 10:1-4; 11:1-6,25-26

课题: 末世论, 世界观, 神的主权, 应许/四大福音化, 余民/青年/社青事工,

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很多人将《罗9-11》视为罗马书的一种“接续片段”，不足以多加研究，因为福音的要道已经在《罗1-8》讲完了。另一个极端却将这三章视为整本罗马书的心脏，也主张说是保罗写整本罗马书的目的，为要让外邦人知道神在犹太民族身上极其独特的计划。这两者的极端都是我们要避免的，因为神的启示中若不是全被的领受，就会造成欠缺的认识，那么罪圣灵的工作和感动便会片面的领受。在此，我们先将《罗9-11》定出一个大主题：“神在犹太人和外邦人中的主权性旨意”，而这旨意绝然要加强我们对福音与末日临近（福音如何传遍地极）的认识。纵然这主题很广大，我们不能忽视这方面的内容，因为这里也说明了我们今日要怎样为我们还刚硬的家人，还未征服的地区，还没得着的未得之民祷告。在这当中我们也会明白神最终要将这福音传遍天下，一直到中东的以色列的计划，最终也加强我们对神的恩典与智慧的认识。确实上，我们的关心与祷告要与主的主权所定的配合，我们才能得着力量奔跑这最后的路程。基本上，教会界在《罗9-11》领受了两种相对的神学论点，一个是“替换神学”,宣称当福音广传于外邦之后，神在犹太国（亚伯拉罕肉身的后裔）的计划已经不存在了，而圣经中所有“以色列”的名称都是指着教会所讲的。这等神学论不将以色列民族看为有特别神的计划，乃是将他们在旧约圣经的存在看为神用来启示基督福音与得着众圣民的用途。另一个是“时代论神学”，宣称圣经里所说的以色列与教会有绝对的区分，而神在肉身的以色列民中将要给予他们实际的恢复，包括得回圣地、在耶路撒冷第三圣殿的建立，基督再临时在耶路撒冷统管世界一千年。他们完全将启示录的信息看为将来的信息，而不是已经发生，正在发生，也将会发生的信息。他们以字面的直接意思来明白神末世的启示，拒绝将它属灵化。因此，他们也多半提倡中东以色列的益处。这两种神学论点都有真实一面，但也有欠缺之处。首先，当犹太人在二战中经过了希特勒手下的大屠杀，然后在1949年复国，1967年在6日战争神奇的得胜，教会界因此已知道神的确在犹太民族身上有一个特别的计划了，而这也是教会继续要注意与探索的事，因为末期的来到的确跟以色列全民的悔改大有关系。但是，当许多接受时代论论教导的信徒过度提倡以色列国（犹太民族）的益处，而将这民族特别化，这带来了很多不需要的亲以色列态度与运动，例如：用各种资源帮助他们、在向他们传福音时不将基督的福音与犹太信仰区分、过度提倡向犹太人传福音过于神现在托福我们的全球福音事工、等。这种没有考量过现在犹太人的属灵现状就盲目的在，认为“神会祝福我们，因为我们支持以色列国”是没有根基的。确实上，《罗9-11》的中心内容还是要将我们带入神主权性的恩典。不管是犹太人或外邦人，是神在祂的主权里怜悯了我们，使我们这完全无知与在罪恶中活的外邦人（野橄榄）在以色列（本枝子）的刚硬不信中被接上神的血统（真橄榄），最后也借着我们外邦人得救的数目填满之后来激动以色列悔改，那么这奥妙的智慧与作为都是来之那创造与预定万有的上帝，使无论外邦人或犹太人都无法自夸。那么，认识这伟大真理的信徒今日更当在我们不同的条件背景中合而为一，不但借着合一相爱之心遮掩一切过错，也往着福音的使命前进。最后，我们最主要的功课就是要如何在祷告与侍奉神子民当中领受主的这等心肠，以至我们的渴望、所愿、向往都能如同我们主基督。这也就是保罗在《罗9,10,11》的开头所显示的心肠了。

A lot of people see <Ro 9-11> as a “connecting segment” in Romans, not studying much into it because the key of gospel has been laid out in <Ro 1 -8>. Another extreme is treating these 3 chapters as the heart of Romans, and advocates this as the purpose of Paul writing this book – i.e to let the Gentiles know God has a very unique plan in Jews. We need to avoid these 2 extremes because if we do not receive the revelation of God holistically, it creates a lack in our understanding and we will be lopsided in accepting the work and conviction of the Holy Spirit. We need to fix the main theme of <Ro 9-11>: “The sovereign will of God in Jews and Gentiles”, and this Will absolutely strengthens our knowledge of gospel and the coming of end times (how gospel is preached to the ends of the world). Although it seems to be a broad theme, we cannot overlook the contents in this area because in here, it clearly explains how we should pray for our family who’re still hardened, regions we have yet to conquer and souls who are still unsaved. Through this, we also understand that eventually, God wants to spread this gospel to the entire world, and the plan to reach the Israelites in Middle East, ultimately strengthening our knowledge of God’s grace and wisdom. Indeed, our concerns and prayers need to complement with that fixed by God’s sovereignty in order to receive strength to run this final race. Basically, the circles of church receive 2 contrary theological arguments on <Ro 9-11>, one is “Replacement theology” which claims that after gospel is preached to the Gentiles, God no longer has plan in the Jewish state (the descendants of Abraham by flesh), and the name “Israelites” mentioned in the bible refers to the church. Such theology does not see the Israelites as the tribe whom God bears special plan in, instead, the Israelites in Old Testament were seen as the channel through which God used to tell about the Christ gospel that is to come, and to gain all saints. Another school of thought is “Dispensationalism theology” which claims that there’s absolute differentiation between Israelites and the church, God will give practical restoration to the Jews by descendants, including restoration of the holy land, building the third temple in Jerusalem, ruling the world for one thousand years when Christ returns. They see the message of Revelation as a future message, not one that had happened, is happening and will happen. They understand God’s revelation of end times literally and refuse to spiritualize them. Hence, half of them encourage the benefits of Middle East’s Israelites. These 2 schools of thoughts have certain truth in it, but they are also lacking in certain areas. Firstly, when Hitler massacred the Jews during the 2nd world war, to the restoration in 1949, followed by the miraculous victory in the 6 days warfare in 1967, the church circles know that God truly has a special plan in Jews and this is what church needs to continue to pay attention to and explore, because the coming of end days is greatly related to the repentance of all Israelites. However, as many believers of “dispensationalism theology” overtly advocate the benefits of Israel (the Jews), and make this tribe special, it brings a lot of unnecessary pro-Israelite mentality and movement, eg: helping them with various resources, do not distinguish between the Christ’s gospel and Jewish belief when evangelizing to them, overtly promote evangelizing to Jews than doing the global gospel ministry entrusted by God to us etc. All these are not established on grounded foundation, as they have not considered the spiritual state of the current Jews and blindly assume that “God will bless us because we support Israel”. Actually, the core message of <Ro 9-11> is to bring us into the sovereign grace of God. Regardless of Jews or Gentiles, God in His sovereignty has compassion for us; He enables us, the Gentiles (wild olive), who are completely ignorant and living in sins and transgression, to be integrated into the lineage of God (true olive) through the hardening and disbelief of Israelites(the branch). Eventually, after the number of Gentiles are full, it will move the Israelites into repentance. Such profound wisdom and work come from the God who creates and predestined all things, so that neither the Gentiles nor the Jews can boast. Therefore, believers who truly understand this great truth should all the more be united despite our varying conditions and background. Not only should we seek to cover all transgressions through a heart of oneness and mutual love, we ought to advance in the direction of the gospel mission. In the end, our main homework is to receive this heart of Lord through prayers and serving the people of God, until our longing, desire, aspiration are like our Lord Christ’s. This is also the heart revealed by Paul in the beginning of <Ro 9,10,11>.

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